Method and apparatus for providing energy device and system status

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus is described for providing energy system status information. A status indication device may be mounted near an entry door for determining when an individual is about to leave an area. When the status indication device determines that an individual is about to leave an area, it displays an energy status to the individual, so that the individual can decide whether to place energy-consuming devices in a conservation mode of operation.

BACKGROUND

I. Field of Use

The present application relates to the field of security and energymanagement systems. More specifically, the present application relatesto providing energy device and system status information to individuals.

II. Description of the Related Art

Security systems for homes and offices have been around for many years.Typically, these systems comprise a central control device incommunication with one or more door/window sensors, motion detectors,sound detectors, light detectors, etc., to detect unauthorized entry. Ifan unauthorized entry is detected, the central control device may causean alarm to be sounded locally and/or contact a remote monitoringstation that can send police to the location. The central control deviceis also typically in communication with a keypad/display device thatallows information to be sent to the central control device, such as asecurity disarm code, while also displaying information provided by thecentral control device, such as system status and/or individual sensorinformation.

Energy management systems have also become popular over the past severalyears. Such systems typically comprise a central energy managementdevice in communication with one or more local energy management devicesthat are capable of controlling energy-consuming devices connected tothe energy management devices. The central energy management device mayinstruct the local energy management devices to supply power to, orremove power from, the energy-consuming devices that they are connectedto. In addition, these energy management systems typically allowinformation pertaining to energy use to be sent over the Internet, sothat it may be viewed by utility companies and/or home/business ownersand, additionally, allow remote control of energy-consuming devices.

One problem that exists in prior art security systems and energymanagement systems is that only one control unit and/or keypad/displayis provided so that the security and/or energy status of a home orbusiness may not be available at each entry/exit door. Thus, anindividual leaving a home or business must approach the control unitwhere it is installed to know the system status.

Another problem is that individuals may not want to arm the securitysystem each time that they leave the premises, because setting thesecurity system into “alarm-away” mode is, essentially, placing thesecurity system into a “high alert” mode. An individual may not want orneed the security system to operate in such a high state of alert if theindividual is, for example, going to the corner market in the middle ofthe day.

Thus, it would be desirable to operate security systems in a way thatprovides individuals more choices than simply having the security systemin a “high alert” mode or disarmed each time that the individual leaveshis or her home or office. In addition, it would be helpful to be ableto provide information pertaining to security and energy managementsystems to individuals as they leave a home or business through anydoor.

SUMMARY

The embodiments described herein relate to a method and apparatus forproviding energy device and system status information. In oneembodiment, a method for providing energy status reporting by a statusindication device comprises receiving a status of a first device managedby an energy management device, determining that an individual isleaving an area, in response to determining that an individual isleaving the area, determining a simplified energy status based on atleast the status of device, and displaying the simplified energy statusin response to determining that the individual is leaving the area.

In another embodiment, a method for providing energy status reporting bya status indication device in communication with a central securitycontrol module comprises determining that an individual is leaving anarea, in response to determining that the individual is leaving thearea, sending a status request to the central energy management device,receiving a response from the central energy management devicecomprising an energy status based on at least the status of at least onedevice being managed by the central energy management device, andproviding an indication of the energy status.

In yet another embodiment, an apparatus is described for providingenergy status reporting in communication with an energy managementdevice, comprising, a user interface for displaying a simplified energystatus to an individual, a memory for storing processor-executableinstructions, and a processor electronically coupled to the userinterface and the memory that, when executing the processor-executableinstructions, perform the following actions: receive a status of a firstdevice managed by the energy management device, determine that anindividual is leaving an area, determine a simplified energy statusbased on at least the status of the first device, and in response todetermining that an individual is leaving the area, provide anindication of the simplified energy status to the user interface.

In yet still another embodiment, an apparatus is described for providingenergy status reporting in communication with a central energymanagement device, comprising, a user interface for displaying an energystatus to an individual, a memory for storing processor-executableinstructions, and a processor electronically coupled to the userinterface and the memory that, when executing the processor-executableinstructions, perform the following actions: determine that anindividual is leaving an area, in response to determining that theindividual is leaving the area, send a status request to the centralenergy management device, receive a response from the central energymanagement device comprising an energy status based on at least thestatus of at least one device being managed by the central energymanagement device, and provide an indication of the energy status to theuser interface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features, advantages, and objects of the present invention willbecome more apparent from the detailed description as set forth below,when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like referencedcharacters identify correspondingly throughout, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a security system, including a statusindication device;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of one embodiment of an energy managementsystem, including a status indication device;

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the status indication device ofeither FIG. 1 or FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method forproviding security and/or energy status and/or control; and

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating another embodiment of a method forproviding security and/or energy status and/or control.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for securityand/or energy management status and control. In one embodiment, a statusindicator provides status of either individual security sensorsdistributed throughout a home or business, and/or energy-consumingdevices in a home or business. In another embodiment, the statusindicator may provide an overall status of a security system and/orenergy management system. In yet another embodiment, the statusindicator may provide control of security sensors and/orenergy-consuming devices, either directly or through a security systemand/or energy management system.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of a security system 100comprising sensor 102, a status indication device 104, an optionalcentral security control module 106, an optional repeater 108, and anoptional local security system remote control 110. Sensor 102 comprises,in this embodiment, a magnetic door sensor comprising a magnet 114mounted to door 112 and reed switch assembly 116 mounted to door frame118, commonly used in home security systems for monitoring door orwindow status, e.g., whether a door or window is open or closed.

Although FIG. 1 shows security system 100 comprising only one sensor, ittypically comprises multiple sensors, each one monitoring a respectivepoint of entry to a structure, such as a door or window, to determineits status (e.g., “open” or “closed”, “locked” or “unlocked”, etc.).Alternatively, or in addition, other sensor types could be used insecurity system 100, such as a non-magnetic door/window sensor, a motiondetector, an infrared sensor, a sound detector, a still or video camera,a tilt sensor, and/or other security monitoring devices.

In one embodiment, the security sensors communicate with centralsecurity control module 106, either wirelessly as shown, or by a wiredconnection. For example, messages may be sent to central securitycontrol module 106 from sensors indicating a status of monitored pointsof entry. Central security control module 106 receives these messagesand may take one or more actions depending on the status of the variouspoints of entry. For example, if door 112 is opened, reed switchassembly 116 detects a reduction or elimination of a magnetic fieldproduced by magnet 114 as magnet 114 moves away from reed switchassembly 116. In response, reed switch assembly 116 transmits a messageto central security control module 106 indicative of a status change,e.g., that door 112 has been opened. In response central securitycontrol module 106 may cause an audible siren to sound and/or notifycentral monitoring station 120 that a change in state of one of thesensors and/or points of entry has occurred.

In some embodiments, central security control module 106 sends messagesto sensor 102 requesting a status of the sensor and, implicitly, thestatus of a point of entry being monitored, in this case door 112. Inresponse, sensor 102 transmits a response to central security controlmodule 106 indicating a door status, such as “open”, “closed”, “locked”,or “unlocked”. Other commands may be transmitted by central securitycontrol module 106, such as “sound alarm”, “turn on lights”, open gate,lock doors, etc. In response, sensor 102 would cause a device, such as aloudspeaker, lights, motors, etc. to perform the command.

As described above, central security control module 106 performsmonitoring of sensors in system 100 and typically provides this statusinformation to an electronic display located on central security controlmodule 106. The display provides a visual indication of the status(“open”, “closed”, “on”, “off”, “normal”, “armed”, “alarm”, “locked”,“unlocked”, etc.) of one or more sensors in the system as well as anidentification and/or location of the sensors, or only sensors thatindicate an “open” status.

In many systems, central security control module 106 may send andreceive information to/from a remote keypad/display unit 124, used as aconvenient interface for individuals to access central security controlmodule 106. This may be desirable due to central security control module106 typically being installed in a discreet location, such as a closetor other remote location. Central security control module 106 may sendgeneral status information of the security system to keypad/display unit124, such as “armed”, “disarmed”, “armed-home”, and/or a status of oneor more doors, windows, or other items being monitored. Such status mayinclude an identification of one or more doors or windows, theirlocation, and whether they are open, closed, locked, and/or unlocked,etc.

Central security control module 106 may also be in communication with anoff-site remote monitoring station 120 via communication network 122,such as the Internet, PSTN, a fiber optic communication network,wireless communication network (e.g., cellular, data, satellite, etc.),and/or other wide-area network. Remote monitoring station 120 typicallyprovides “live” security monitoring services for homes and businessesequipped with security systems such as the one shown in FIG. 1. Remotemonitoring station 120 is adapted to receive communications from centralsecurity control module 106 via network 122 in response to centralsecurity control module 106 determining that a local alarm condition(e.g., door or window opened, movement detected, infrared detected,light beam interrupted, light turned on or off, etc.) has been detectedby one or more sensors in security system 100. In other embodiments,central security control module 106 simply receives raw data from thesensors and determines, based on the data, whether a local alarmcondition has occurred. When a local alarm condition is detected,central security control module 106 generates a system alarm which maycomprise taking one or more actions, such as notifying remote monitoringstation 120 that a local alarm condition has occurred, illuminating oneor more lights, sounding one or more audible alerts, transmitting one ormore commands to various sensors to perform an action, such as sound analarm, turn on a light, lock a door or window, etc.

In one embodiment, central security control module 106 may be operatedvia a keypad mounted to central security control module 106, whichallows a user of the security system to enter information into thecentral security control module 106, such as a command to arm or disarmthe system, to determine a status of one or more sensors, to add,modify, or remove sensors from the system, etc. Users may, alternativelyor in addition, provide information to, and receive information from,central security control module 106 via local security system remotecontrol 110 (such as a custom keyfob, smartphone, tablet computingdevice, or other mobile computing device) and/or a remote device 130(such as a fixed or portable computer, smartphone, tablet computingdevice, or other mobile computing device) via a wireless or wiredcommunication channel with network 122.

Central security control module 106 may additionally communicate withstatus indication device 104 to convey status information of one or moresensors in the security system and/or an overall status of the securitysystem. Status indication device 104 comprises an electronic device thatprovides a convenient audio and/or visual indication of the status ofthe sensors and/or overall system status to individuals as they enter orleave a home or business. Status indication device 104 is typicallybattery-operated and mounted on a door frame or wall nearby a door,typically a door that provides entry to a home or business. In oneembodiment, status indication device comprises an illumination device,such as one or more light-emitting diodes, or other low-powerillumination devices, to indicate a status to an individual. Forexample, in one embodiment, status indication device 104 comprises a redLED that is illuminated when security system 100 is armed and a greenLED that is illuminated when security system 100 is disarmed. In anotherembodiment, a yellow LED may be used in conjunction with the red andgreen LEDs to indicate that one or more doors or windows are open, orthat motion has been recently detected in an area being monitored by amotion detector.

Status indication device 104 may additionally comprise means for sendingcommands to central security control module 106, or directly to one ormore of the sensors, for instructing central security control module 106and/or the one or more sensors to perform one or more acts, such assounding an audible alarm, turning one or more lights on or off, lockinga door or window, closing blinds, etc. Such means typically comprisesone or more pushbuttons located on status indicator 104.

In one embodiment, status indication device 104 receives statusinformation as it is transmitted by central security control module 106.However, this may require that status indication device 104 be in anactive receiving mode for long time periods. Thus, in other embodiments,status indication device 104 may receive status information atpredefined time intervals that synced to transmissions by centralsecurity control module 106. In another embodiment, status informationis transmitted by central security control module 106 in response toreceiving a message transmitted by status indication device 104,requesting status information from central security control module 106.The status request message may be transmitted at regular time intervals,at random time intervals, or upon the occurrence of a predeterminedevent. In one embodiment, the predetermined event comprises detectingthe presence of an individual in the vicinity of status indicationdevice 104. In another embodiment, the predetermined event comprisesdetecting that an individual is, or has, entered or left an area, room,home, or business. In another embodiment, the predetermined eventcomprises receiving an audible command from an individual. In some ofthese embodiments, status indication device 104 comprises a motiondetector or infrared detector for determining whether one of thepredetermined events mentioned above has occurred.

In any of the just-described embodiments, an individual may receive areal-time status of security system 100 automatically, either at thesystem level or individual sensors, as the individual enters or leavesan area, room, home, or business. After receiving the status from statusindication device 104, the individual may use status indication device104 to arm or disarm the entire security system, or one or moreindividual sensors, or to have some other action performed.

Thus far, one embodiment of a security system has been described,comprising sensor 102 in communication with central security controlmodule 106, which, in turn, is in communication with central monitoringcenter 120, remote device 130, and/or status indication device 104. Inanother embodiment, however, sensor 102 communicates with repeater 108,rather than directly with central security control module 106, due to,for example, sensor 102 located outside of the sensor's and/or centralsecurity control module 106's communication range. Repeaters arecommonly known for receiving electronic signals and re-transmitting themin situations where a sensor is located too far from central securitycontrol module 106 for signals to be received. Repeater 108 typicallycomprises a receiver for receiving wireless signals and a transmitterfor re-sending the signals, or data within the received signals,wirelessly to either another repeater or to central security controlmodule 106. The use of multiple repeaters is commonly used, sometimescreating what is known as a “mesh” network, where each repeater acts asa “node” and each node communicates with other nodes within range of oneanother. One or more of the repeaters, including repeater 108, may,additionally, be associated with a sensor so that each sensor is capableof transmitting a status associated with an item being monitored by thesensor, as well as receiving transmissions from other sensors andre-sending these transmissions to other repeaters and/or directly tocentral security control module 106.

In one embodiment, repeater 108 comprises translation hardware,software, and/or firmware used to receive electronic signals transmittedand/or encoded using one communication protocol and re-transmitinformation in the received electronic signals in a different encodingand/or communication protocol. For example, sensor 104 may transmit doorstatus information using the popular Z-wave communication protocol, butcentral security control module 106 may only receive signals transmittedin accordance with, for example, the popular IEEE 802.11(n) wirelessnetworking standard. In this case, repeater 108 may be used to allowcommunications between sensor 104 and central security control module106 to occur.

In one embodiment, repeater 108 may communicate directly with statusindication device 104, whether sensor 102 and status indication device104 are not within range of each other or whether sensor 102 and statusindication device 104 communicate using different communicationencoding/communication protocols. For example, sensor 102 may provide astatus of door 112 via repeater 108 upon the occurrence of apredetermined event, such as when the door is opened or closed. Thestatus signal is received by repeater 108 and the information in thestatus signal is transmitted to status indication device 104. Statusindication device 104, in turn, may illuminate one or more LEDs or othervisual device indicative of the status received from sensor 102.

In yet another embodiment, one or more sensors in security system 100communicate directly with status indication device 104. In thisembodiment, central security control module 106 and/or repeater 108 maybe absent from the system, whereby status indication device 104 simplyreceives status signals from one or more sensors and provides anindication to an individual of the status of the sensors as a whole bydetermining a simplified security status, or the status of individualsensors/entry points in the system. Status indication device 104 may,additionally, be capable of sending transmissions to one or more of thesensors, instructing them to perform one or more actions or functions,such as turning a light on or off, turning a siren on or off, locking adoor or window, operating a motor to open or close blinds, etc.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of one embodiment of an energy managementsystem 200 comprising a central energy management device 202, statusindication device 212, and one or more local energy management devices,such as smart meter 222, lighting control module 204, appliance controlmodule 206, and thermostat 208. The local energy management devicescontrol operation, or report status, of energy-consuming devices, suchas one or more lights 226, one or more electric appliances 224, and/orother energy-consuming devices. Heating and/or air conditioning system210 is typically controlled by thermostat 208, which in turn may receiveinstructions from central energy management device 202 that controloperation of heating and/or air conditioning system 210. Also shown isrepeater 214, network 216, remote computer 218, and remote wirelesscommunication device 220. It should be understood that FIG. 1 is merelyrepresentative of one embodiment of an energy management system, andthat in other systems, a greater or fewer number and type of componentsmay present. Energy management systems are presently available thatmonitor and/or control home and business energy consumption. Forexample, General Electric Company, headquartered in Schenectady, N.Y.,sells the Nucleus™ home energy management system, which providesappliance monitoring and heating/cooling control, among other things.

Central energy management device 202 typically provides centralizedmonitoring and/or control of the various devices in the energymanagement system. It typically communicates with these devices viawireless signals conforming to one of any number of popular wirelesscommunication protocols, and/or via wired connections, such as twistedpair or AC powerline communications.

In one embodiment, central energy management device 202 may receivestatus information from one or more of the devices indicating a presentstate of operation of an item being controlled by each device. Forexample, central energy management device 202 may receive one or moremessages from heating/air conditioning system 210 indicating that theheater is a particular state, such as heating, cooling, fan on/off, etc.In another example, central energy management device 202 may receive oneor messages from lighting control module 204 indicating the status ofone or more lights or group of lights, such as ON or OFF, dimmed, a settime when one or more lights or light groups are due to turn on or off,etc.

Central energy management device 202 may also receive information fromsmart meter 222 indicating various parameters regarding energy use in ahome or business, or in a home or business subsystem, such as a poolpump or electric vehicle charging station. Smart meter 222 may provideinformation such as a present energy consumption rate, an average energyconsumption rate, a breakdown of how various electric devices haveconsumed energy in the past or are presently consuming energy, a presentor past cost associated with past or present energy consumption, etc. Anexample of smart meter 222 is the Openway® Centron® smart metermanufactured by Itron, Incorporated, of Liberty Lake, Wash.

Central energy management device 202 can typically also send messages toone or more of the devices shown in FIG. 2. For example, central energymanagement device 202 may send a command to lighting control module 204instructing lighting control module 204 to turn one or more lights 226on or off. It may be capable of sending messages to one or moreappliances instructing the appliances to perform an act, such aslowering a refrigerator temperature, making extra ice, turning an ovenon to a given temperature, turning an oven off, etc., via appliancecontrol module 206. It may instruct thermostat 208 to adjust atemperature set point, adjust a set time when heat or air conditioningis due to turn on, perform an action such as turn heat or airconditioning on or off, turn a fan on, etc.

Both appliance control module 206 and lighting control module 204typically comprises a 120 VAC male connector, allowing each unit to pluginto a standard AC socket found in most present-day homes andbusinesses. They further comprise a 120 VAC female connector whose poweris controlled by a processor and receive combination, for controllinglights and/or appliances from central energy management device 202. Anexample of such a control module is a Z-wave wireless lighting controloutdoor module, manufactured by General Electric Corporation,headquartered in Fairfield, Conn.

Status indication device 212 comprises an electronic device thatprovides a convenient audio and/or visual indication of the status ofindividual devices and/or overall energy system status to individuals asthey enter or leave a home or business. Status indication device 212 istypically battery-operated and mounted on a door frame or wall nearby adoor, typically a door that provides entry to a home or business. In oneembodiment, status indication device 212 comprises an illuminationdevice, such as one or more light-emitting diodes, or other low-powerillumination devices, to indicate a status to an individual. Forexample, in one embodiment, status indication device 104 comprises a redLED that is illuminated when energy management system is in an “AWAY”mode of operation, and a green LED that is illuminated when energymanagement system 100 is in a “HOME” mode of operation. Central energymanagement device 202 may be enter into one or more of these modes ofoperation, each mode comprising pre-determined operating points relatingto one or more devices in the system. For example, an AWAY mode ofoperation may cause the devices in the system to minimize powerconsumption in a home, for example when the home is unoccupied. In thismode of operation, control module may send a command to thermostat 208instructing that it lower a current temperature set point (for example,during cold weather), or to turn off the thermostat completely, and/orto turn one or more lights off and/or other lights on (to deterburglaries, for instance), and/or to arm security system 100. The HOMEmode of operation may cause may cause the devices in the system to setdevices to operate in conformance with one or more people occupying ahome. For example, in this mode of operation, control module may send acommand to thermostat 208 instructing it raise a current temperature setpoint (for example, during cold weather), or to turn the thermostat on,and/or to turn one or more lights off and/or other lights on, and/or todisarm security system 100.

To generate messages or commands for transmission to one or more devicesin the system, central energy management device 202 may comprise one ormore push buttons, switches, touch screen controls, microphones,biometric readers (such as a fingerprint scanner, retina scanner, camerafor facial recognition, etc.), or other devices to receive user inputand translate the user input into messages or commands. For example, inone embodiment, central energy management device 202 comprises a pushbutton in the shape of a leaf that may be pushed when an individual isleaving home and wishes to place energy management system 100 into anenergy-conservation mode. Upon return, the individual may press the leafpush button once more to return energy management system 100 to a normalmode of operation (e.g., HOME). The status of energy management system100 may be indicated by an LED integrated into the leaf push button, inone embodiment.

In order to transmit messages or commands to the various devices inenergy management system 200, status indication device 212 comprisescircuitry and/or software/firmware/processor-executable code orinstructions for generating and transmitting these messages or commandsusing one or more communication protocols. For example, statusindication device 212 may comprise the necessary hardware and softwarefor communicating with central energy management device 202 using thepopular Zwave communication protocol, while additionally comprising thenecessary hardware and software to communicate with some of the devicesin energy management system 200 directly, such as thermostat 208 usingthe well-known 802.11(n) communication protocol.

In one embodiment, status indication device 212 may receive informationfrom central energy management device 202 and/or other device in energymanagement system 200 at any time. However, this may require that statusindication device 212 be in an active receiving mode for long timeperiods. Thus, in other embodiments, status indication device 212 mayreceive information from central energy management device 202 and/orother devices at predefined time intervals. In another embodiment,information is provided by central security control module 106 inresponse to receiving a command from status indication device 212 totransmit status or other information related to energy management system200. The command may be transmitted at regular time intervals, at randomtime intervals, or upon the occurrence of a predetermined event. In oneembodiment, the predetermined event comprises detecting the presence ofan individual in the vicinity of status indication device 212. Inanother embodiment, the predetermined event comprises detecting that anindividual is, or has, entered or left an area, room, home, or business.In another embodiment, the predetermined event comprises receiving anaudible command from an individual. In some of these embodiments, statusindication device 212 comprises a motion detector or infrared detectorfor determining whether one of the predetermined events mentioned abovehas occurred.

In any of the just-described embodiments, an individual may receive areal-time status of energy management system 200 automatically, eitherat the system level or relating to one or more individual devices inenergy management system 200, as the individual enters or leaves anarea, room, home, or business. After receiving the status from statusindication device 212, the individual may use status indication device212 to change one or more settings relating to one or more devices inenergy management system 200, either through control module 201 and/orby directly communicating with one or more devices.

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of one embodiment of a statusindication device 300. In this embodiment, status indication device 300comprises hardware/software/firmware needed to support the functionalityof both status indication device 104 and status indication device 212,as discussed with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. Specifically,FIG. 3 shows processor 302, memory 304, user interface 306, transceiver308, and detector 310. It should be understood that the functionalblocks shown in FIG. 3 may be connected to one another in a variety ofways, and that not all functional blocks necessary for operation ofstatus indication device 300 are shown (such as a power supply), forpurposes of clarity.

Processor 302 is configured to provide general operation of statusindication device 300 by executing processor-executable instructionsstored in memory 304, for example, executable code. Processor 302typically comprises a general purpose processor, such as an ADuC7024analog microcontroller manufactured by Analog Devices, Inc. of NorwoodMass., although any one of a variety of microprocessors, microcomputers,and/or microcontrollers may be used alternatively.

Memory 304 comprises one or more information storage devices, such asRAM, ROM, EEPROM, UVPROM, flash memory, CD, DVD, Memory Stick, SDmemory, XD memory, thumb drive, or virtually any other type ofelectronic, optical, or mechanical memory device. Memory 304 is used tostore the processor-executable instructions for operation of statusindication device 300 as well as any information used by processor 302during operation of status indication device 300, such as informationregarding one or more devices in system 100 and/or 200, parameterinformation, identification information, status information, etc.

User interface 306 is coupled to processor 302 and allows a user toreceive information from status indication device 300 and/or controloperation of either security system 100 and/or energy management system200. User interface 306 may comprise one or more pushbuttons,touchscreen devices, biometric readers, switches, sensors, keypads,and/or microphones that generate electronic signals for use by processor300 upon initiation by a user. User interface 306 may additionallycomprise one or more seven-segment displays, a cathode ray tube (CRT), aliquid crystal display (LCD), one or more light emitting diode displays(LEDD), one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs), light arrays, or anyother type of visual display. Further, the electronic display couldalternatively or in addition comprise an audio device, such as aspeaker, for audible presentation of information to a user. In oneembodiment, user interface 306 comprises a multi-colored LED indicatinga status of security system 100, a multi-colored LED indicating a statusof energy management system 200, a first pushbutton for controlling oneor more functions of security system 100, and a second pushbutton forcontrolling one or more functions of energy management system 200.

Transceiver 308 comprises circuitry necessary to transmit and receivecommunication signals, including messages, commands, status information,requests, etc., between status indication device 300 and centralsecurity control module 106, central energy management device 202,repeaters 108 and/or 214, and/or directly with one or more sensorsdiscussed with respect to FIG. 1 or devices discussed with respect toFIG. 2. Such circuitry is well known in the art and may compriseBlueTooth, Wi-Fi, RF, optical, or ultrasonic circuitry, among others.Alternatively, or in addition, transceiver 308 comprises well-knowncircuitry to provide signals to a remote destination via wiring, such astelephone wiring, twisted pair, two-conductor pair, CAT wiring, ACpowerline wires, or other type of wiring.

Detector 310 comprises any device that is able to detect when anindividual is within range of status indication device 300. In oneembodiment, this comprises determining if an individual is leaving,about to leave, entering, or about to enter, an area, room, home,business, or other defined area. In one embodiment, detector 310comprises a motion sensor. In another embodiment, detector 310 comprisesa passive infrared sensor. In other embodiments, detector 310 maycomprise a light-beam interruption detector, a sonic transducer, or areed switch.

In an embodiment where detector 310 comprises a motion detector orpassive infrared sensor, detector 310 may determine that an individualis approaching status indication device 300 using one of a number ofknown techniques. In an embodiment where detector 310 comprises arange-determination device, such as an ultrasonic or infraredtransducer, detector 310 determines that an individual is approachingstatus indication device 300 by performing multiple distancescalculations between an individual and status indication device 300. Ifthe successive distance calculations are diminishing, it indicates thatan individual is approaching status indication device 300 and, thus,about the leave an area, room, etc.

Status indication device typically uses a limited power supply, such asa replaceable battery, to provide power to the various componentsnecessary for operation of the functional blocks shown in FIG. 3. Thus,processor 302 is configured, via the executable code stored in memory304, to consume as little power as practical while still performing itsintended function. This may be achieved, for example, by allowingdetector 310 to operate normally, e.g., be able to detect an individualwithin range of status indication device 300, but preventing signalsfrom being transmitted or received by transceiver 308, and/or operatinga display that is part of user interface 306 in a low or no-power state.Upon detection of an individual within range of detector 310, processor302 may provide a status to the display and/or transmit and/or receivemessages via transceiver 308.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method forproviding security and/or energy status and/or control. In thisembodiment, a status indication device may comprise functionality ofboth status indication device 104 and status indication device 212, asdiscussed with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. It should beunderstood that in some embodiments, not all of the steps shown in FIG.4 are performed. It should also be understood that the order in whichthe steps are carried out may be different in other embodiments.

At block 400, a status indication device monitors for the presence of anindividual within range of the status indication device. Any one or acombination of technologies may be used to make this determination. Forexample, the status indication device may comprise a motion sensor, IRdetector, camera, microphone, and/or supportingcircuitry/software/firmware to make the determination, as is well-knownin the art. The status indication device typically operates in anenergy-conservation mode of operation during this time, e.g., userinterface 306 is not illuminated and/or transceiver 308 isnon-functional, processor 302 operating in a “hibernation” mode ofoperation, etc.

At block 402, the status indication device determines that an individualhas been detected within range of the status indication device.Typically, processor 302 receives information from one or moremotion-detection sensors (e.g., IR sensor, camera, passive IR,microphone, etc.) and provides the information to processor 302, whereprocessor 302 performs an analysis of the signals received from the oneor more sensors in accordance with processor-executable instructionsstored in memory 304. In another embodiment, the one or more sensorscomprise an on-board processor for detecting the presence of anindividual and provide a signal indicative of such detection toprocessor 302.

In one embodiment, determining that an individual has been detectedwithin range of the status indication device comprises determining thatone of the sensors described with respect to FIG. 1, in communicationwith the status indication device, has changed state. This embodiment isused when the status indication device does not have the capability ofdetecting the presence of an individual itself. For example, door sensor102 may be installed onto a home front door and a status detectiondevice mounted to a wall adjacent to the door such that user interface306 is visible to individuals as they enter or leave a home through thedoor. When a change of state of door state is detected by door sensor102 (e.g., detecting that the door has been opened, or detecting thatthe door state changed from closed to open, then back to closed, withina predetermined time period, indicating an exit or arrival of anindividual through the door), an indication of the change may betransmitted from sensor 102 to central security control module 106indicating the detected state change, either wirelessly or via a wiredconnection. When the status indication device receives the statusmessage(s) from sensor 102, it determines that an individual has beendetected within range of the status indication device.

In another embodiment, determining that an individual has been detectedwithin range of the status indication device comprises determining thatan individual has left or is in the process of leaving a room, area,home, business, or other defined area. In this embodiment, a motionsensor or other sensor within the status indication device determinesthat an individual is moving towards the status indication device in anembodiment where the status indication device is mounted near anentry/exit door.

In another embodiment, alternatively (or in addition) to the embodimentdiscussed above, determining that an individual has left or is in theprocess of leaving a room, area, home, business, or other defined areacomprises, first, determining that an entity is approaching an entry orexit door using a motion sensor, motion detector, IR sensor, microphone,camera, etc., and, subsequently, detecting that the entry or exit doorhas opened and then closed. In one embodiment, the time between when thedoor is opened until the time it is closed is compared to apredetermined time period, for example, five seconds. If the door isopened and closed within the predetermined time period, it is anindication that an individual approached the entry/exit door, opened thedoor, exited through the door, and then closed the door behind him orher.

In yet another embodiment, alternatively (or in addition) to theembodiments discussed above, determining that an individual has left oris in the process of leaving a room, area, home, business, or otherdefined area comprises, first, determining that an entity is approachingan entry or exit door using a motion sensor, motion detector, IR sensor,microphone, camera, etc., and, subsequently, detecting that the entry orexit door has opened within a predetermined time period from when theentity is detected approaching the entry or exit door. For example, inone embodiment, the predetermined time period is set to three seconds,so that when a door sensor sends a signal indicative of a door openingwithin three seconds of determining that an individual is leaving anarea, the status indication device determines that an individual isleaving, or about to leave, the area.

In yet still another embodiment, alternatively (or in addition) to theembodiments discussed above, determining that an individual has beendetected within range of the status indication device comprisesdetermining that an individual has arrived or is about to arrive at aroom, area, home, business, or other defined area. For example, in oneembodiment, a motion sensor, or similar sensor, located within thestatus indication device may detect an object moving away from anentry/exit door and/or status indication device. In another embodiment,the status indication device first determines that that an entry or exitdoor has opened, then closed (or, alternatively, only that the door hasbeen opened). Then, the status indication device determines whether anobject is moving away from the door and/or status indication device,using any of the techniques described above. If the status indicationdevice determines that the entry/exit door has been opened and thenclosed, and then determines that an object is moving away from the doorand/or status indication device, a determination is made that anindividual has entered a room, area, home, business, or other definedarea through the entry/exit door. In one embodiment, the time betweenwhen the door is opened and closed is determined and compared to apredetermined time period to aid in determining whether an individualhas arrived. In another embodiment, the time between when the door isopened (or closed) and when an object is detected moving away from thedoor and/or status indication device is compared to a predeterminedtime. If this time is less than the predetermined time, it is anindication that an individual as arrived, opened the door and has movedinto the room, area, home, business, or other defined area. In oneembodiment, the predetermined time is set to five seconds, in order toallow an individual time to open the door, enter a defined area, closethe door, and enter the defined area.

At block 404, the status indication device may exit anenergy-conservation mode of operation. For example, user interface 306may become illuminated, transceiver 308 may become operational (e.g.,able to send and receive messages), processor 302 entering into anactive mode of operation from a “hibernation” mode of operation, etc.

At block 406, in response to determining that an individual has beendetected within range of the status indication device, the statusdetermination device transmits a request message to central securitycontrol module 106, central energy management device 202, or both,requesting that one or both units provide a status of security system100 and/or energy management system 200. In another embodiment,additionally or alternatively, the request from the status determinationdevice may request a status of one or more particular sensors or devicesin either system.

At block 408, information is received in response to the request messagetransmitted at block 406, typically in the form of one or more messagesby transceiver 308 and provided to processor 302. The information maycomprise an overall system status of security system 100 and/or energymanagement system 200. For example, an overall system status of securitysystem 100 may comprise an indication that the system is armed,disarmed, home-armed, etc. An overall system status of energy managementsystem 200 may comprise an indication that the energy management systemis in “active” or “not active” state, that the system is operating in anenergy conservation mode of operation, that the system is operating in anormal mode of operation, or some other overall system status.Alternatively, or in addition, the information transmitted by centralsecurity control module 106 and/or central energy management device 202may comprise information regarding one or more sensor and/or deviceinformation, such as an identification of one or more sensors and/ordevices, and a status corresponding to the one or more sensors and/ordevices.

At block 410, in one embodiment, processor 302 determines a simplifiedsecurity status of either security system 100, energy management system200, or both. The simplified security status is typically determined ifa system status is not available directly from central security controlmodule 106 and/or central energy management device 202. A simplifiedsecurity status regarding security system 100 may comprise adetermination that none of the sensors are reporting an “open” status,e.g., all doors and windows are closed, in which case the simplifiedsecurity status comprises an “all closed” status. The simplifiedsecurity status may, alternatively, comprise a determination that noneof the one or more doors and/or windows are unlocked open, e.g., all ofthe monitored doors and/or windows are locked, in which case thesimplified security status comprises an “all locked” status. In anotherembodiment, the simplified security status regarding security system 100may comprise a determination that at least one door and/or window isopen, in which case the simplified security status comprises a “notclosed” status. In yet another embodiment, the simplified securitystatus may comprise a determination that at least one door and/or windowis unlocked. In another embodiment, the simplified security statuscomprises a combination of the two just-mentioned conditions, e.g., adetermination that all monitored doors and/or windows are closed/notclosed and a determination that all monitored doors and/or windows arelocked.

A simplified energy status regarding energy management system maycomprise a determination that a heating and/or cooling system is on,off, or in one or more predetermined modes, such as “automatic” or“energy conservation”. It should be understood that the “on”determination may be made even though the heating/cooling system is notcurrently active. For example, a heating system may be in athermostat-controlled “automatic” state, but not blowing warm air at thetime the request message is transmitted at block 406, because theambient air temperature exceeds a thermostat set point. Processor 302may determine the simplified energy status using information in theresponse message such as the present operating status of one or moreenergy-consuming devices (e.g., heating, cooling, on, off, automatic,etc.), one or more parameters associated with one or moreenergy-consuming devices such as one or more thermostat set pointsand/or set times (e.g., times when an energy-consuming device will turnon, off, or be placed into an automatic state of operation), a sensedoperating condition (such as an ambient air temperature, an oventemperature, an iron temperature, etc.).

At block 412, processor 302 provides the simplified status (securityand/or energy) to user interface 306. For example, in one embodiment,processor 302 provides one or more electronic signals that cause one ormore LEDs to illuminate or become extinguished. Alternatively, or inaddition, processor 302 provides electronic signals that cause an audiooutput to be generated by user interface 306 indicative of thesimplified security/energy status.

In one embodiment, user interface 306 comprises a red LED and a greenLED, each indicative of a simplified security status of security system100. Processor 302 causes the green LED to become illuminated if alldoors and windows monitored by sensors are closed, and causes the redLED to become illuminated if one of the monitored doors or windows isopen. In another embodiment, user interface 306 comprises a red LED, ayellow LED, and a green LED, each indicative of a simplified energystatus of energy management system 200. Processor 302 causes the greenLED to become illuminated if at least a portion of energy-consumingdevices are operating in an “energy conservation” mode of operation,causes the red LED to become illuminated if at least a portion of theenergy-consuming devices are off, and the yellow LED to becomeilluminated if at least a portion of the energy-consuming devices isoperating in a “normal” mode of operation. Of course, many otherconfigurations are possible, using different numbers and types ofvisual/audio presentation devices.

At block 414, processor 302 receives a signal from user interface 306from an individual who wishes to cause one or more sensors or devices toperform one or more actions or functions. For example, an individualmay, in response to seeing a green LED illuminated on the statusindication device indicating that all doors and windows are closed,press a button on the status indication device that generates a signalindicative of the user's intentions.

At block 416, processor 302 generates one or more messages that are sentto one or more sensors and/or devices to cause them to perform aparticular action or function. For example, a message may be generatedby processor 302 and transmitted to central security control module 106that causes central security control module 106 to arm security system100, e.g., sound an alarm and/or alert central monitoring station 120 ifan alarm condition occurs. Additionally, or alternatively, in anotherembodiment, the message generated by processor 302 and transmitted tocentral energy management device 202 may that cause central energymanagement device 202 to place energy management system 200 into a“conservation mode” of operation, e.g., placing setting thermostat 208to a set point of 68 degrees F. in the winter months so that ambientroom temperature does not exceed 68 degrees and/or closing or openingelectronically-controlled blinds or window shades, turning lights on oroff, etc.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating another embodiment of a method forproviding security and/or energy status and/or control. In thisembodiment, a status indication device may comprise functionality ofboth status indication device 104 and status indication device 212, asdiscussed with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. It should beunderstood that in some embodiments, not all of the steps shown in FIG.4 are performed. It should also be understood that the order in whichthe steps are carried out may be different in other embodiments.

At block 500, a status indication device receives one or more statusmessages from one or more sensors, as shown in FIG. 1, or devices, asshown in FIG. 2, indicating a status of a point of entry (or othermonitored item or place) or a status of an energy-consuming device,respectively. The status messages may be received at random timeintervals, at regular time intervals, or upon the occurrence of apredetermined event. Information regarding the one or more statusmessages may be stored in memory 304 for later use in calculating asimplified security/energy status. The status indication devicetypically operates in an energy-conservation mode of operation duringthis time, e.g., user interface 306 is not illuminated and/or processor302 does not analyze or perform calculations related to informationcontained in the status messages.

At block 502, the status indication device monitors for the presence ofan individual within range of the status indication device. Any one or acombination of technologies may be used to make this determination. Forexample, the status indication device may comprise a motion sensor, IRdetector, camera, microphone, and/or supportingcircuitry/software/firmware to make the determination, as is well-knownin the art.

At block 504, the status indication device determines that an individualhas been detected within range of the status indication device.Typically, processor 302 receives information from one or moremotion-detection sensors (e.g., IR sensor, camera, passive IR,microphone, etc.) and provides the information to processor 302, whereprocessor 302 performs an analysis of the signals received from the oneor more sensors in accordance with processor-executable instructionsstored in memory 304. In another embodiment, the one or more sensorscomprise an on-board processor for detecting the presence of anindividual and provide a signal indicative of such detection toprocessor 302.

The status indication device may determine that an individual has beendetected within range of the status indication device in any of the waysdescribed with respect to block 402 of FIG. 4.

At block 506, processor 302 determines a simplified security status ofeither security system 100, energy management system 200, or both. Asimplified security status regarding security system 100 may comprise adetermination that none of the sensors are reporting an “open” status,e.g., all doors and windows are closed, in which case the simplifiedsecurity status comprises an “all closed” status. The simplifiedsecurity status may, alternatively, comprise a determination that noneof the one or more doors and/or windows are unlocked open, e.g., all ofthe monitored doors and/or windows are locked, in which case thesimplified security status comprises an “all locked” status. In anotherembodiment, the simplified security status regarding security system 100may comprise a determination that at least one door and/or window isopen, in which case the simplified security status comprises a “notclosed” status. In yet another embodiment, the simplified securitystatus may comprise a determination that at least one door and/or windowis unlocked. In another embodiment, the simplified security statuscomprises a combination of the two just-mentioned conditions, e.g., adetermination that all monitored doors and/or windows are closed/notclosed and a determination that all monitored doors and/or windows arelocked.

A simplified energy status regarding energy management system maycomprise a determination that a heating and/or cooling system is on,off, or in one or more predetermined modes, such as “automatic” or“energy conservation”. It should be understood that the “on”determination may be made even though the heating/cooling system is notcurrently active. For example, a heating system may be in athermostat-controlled “automatic” state, but not blowing warm air at thetime when a status message is transmitted to the status indicationdevice, because the ambient air temperature exceeds a thermostat setpoint. Processor 302 may determine the simplified energy status usinginformation in the last message that was received from each device, suchas the present operating status of one or more energy-consuming devices(e.g., heating, cooling, on, off, automatic, etc.), one or moreparameters associated with one or more energy-consuming devices such asone or more thermostat set points and/or set times (e.g., times when anenergy-consuming device will turn on, off, or be placed into anautomatic state of operation), a sensed operating condition (such as anambient air temperature, an oven temperature, an iron temperature,etc.).

In response to determining that an individual has been detected withinrange of the status indication device, at block 508, processor 302provides the simplified status (security and/or energy) to userinterface 306. For example, in one embodiment, processor 302 providesone or more electronic signals that cause one or more LEDs to illuminateor become extinguished. Alternatively, or in addition, processor 302provides electronic signals that cause an audio output to be generatedby user interface 306 indicative of the simplified security/energystatus.

In one embodiment, user interface 306 comprises a red LED and a greenLED, each indicative of a simplified security status of security system100. Processor 302 causes the green LED to become illuminated if alldoors and windows monitored by sensors are closed, and causes the redLED to become illuminated if one of the monitored doors or windows isopen. In another embodiment, user interface 306 comprises a red LED, ayellow LED, and a green LED, each indicative of a simplified energystatus of energy management system 200. Processor 302 causes the greenLED to become illuminated if at least a portion of energy-consumingdevices are operating in an “energy conservation” mode of operation,causes the red LED to become illuminated if at least a portion of theenergy-consuming devices are off, and the yellow LED to becomeilluminated if at least a portion of the energy-consuming devices isoperating in a “normal” mode of operation. Of course, many otherconfigurations are possible, using different numbers and types ofvisual/audio presentation devices.

At block 510, processor 302 receives a signal from user interface 306from an individual who wishes to cause one or more sensors or devices toperform one or more actions or functions. For example, an individualmay, in response to seeing a green LED illuminated on the statusindication device indicating that all doors and windows are closed,press a button on the status indication device that generates a signalindicative of the user's intentions.

At block 512, processor 302 generates one or more messages that are sentto one or more sensors and/or devices to cause them to perform aparticular action or function. For example, a message may be generatedby processor 302 and transmitted to set thermostat 208 to apredetermined set point of 68 degrees F. in the winter months so thatambient room temperature does not exceed 68 degrees and/or closing oropening electronically-controlled blinds or window shades, turninglights on or off, etc.

The methods or algorithms described in connection with the embodimentsdisclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware or embodied inprocessor-readable instructions executed by a processor. Theprocessor-readable instructions may reside in RAM memory, flash memory,ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, aremovable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known inthe art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor suchthat the processor can read information from, and write information to,the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may beintegral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium mayreside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In thealternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discretecomponents.

Accordingly, an embodiment of the invention may comprise acomputer-readable media embodying code or processor-readableinstructions to implement the teachings, methods, processes, algorithms,steps and/or functions disclosed herein.

While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative embodiments of theinvention, it should be noted that various changes and modificationscould be made herein without departing from the scope of the inventionas defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps and/or actionsof the method claims in accordance with the embodiments of the inventiondescribed herein need not be performed in any particular order.Furthermore, although elements of the invention may be described orclaimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation tothe singular is explicitly stated.

We claim:
 1. A method for providing energy status reporting by a statusindication device in communication with an energy management device,comprising: receiving a status of a first device managed by the energymanagement device; determining that an individual is leaving an area; inresponse to determining that an individual is leaving the area,determining a simplified energy status based on at least the status ofthe first device; and displaying the simplified energy status inresponse to determining that the individual is leaving the area.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: receiving an indication from theindividual for the energy management device to perform an action;generating a message instructing the energy management device to performthe action in response to receiving the indication; and sending themessage to the energy management device.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the simplified energy status comprises an indication that thedevice is in an energy conservation mode of operation.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: receiving a status of a second devicemanaged by a second energy management device; and determining thesimplified security status based on at least the status of the firstdevice and the status of the second device; wherein the simplifiedenergy status comprises an indication that each of the devices isoperating in a normal mode of operation.
 5. A method for providingenergy status reporting by a status indication device in communicationwith a central energy management device, comprising: determining that anindividual is leaving an area; in response to determining that theindividual is leaving the area, sending a status request to the centralenergy management device; receiving a response from the central energymanagement device comprising an energy status based on at least thestatus of at least one device being managed by the central energymanagement device; and providing an indication of the energy status. 6.The method of claim 5, further comprising: receiving an indication fromthe individual for the central energy management device to enter a firstmode of operation; generating a message instructing the central energymanagement device to enter the first mode of operation in response toreceiving the indication; and sending the message to the energymanagement device.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the energy statuscomprises an indication that the central energy management device is inan energy-saving mode of operation.
 8. The method of claim 5, whereinthe energy status is based on at least the status of the first deviceand a second device managed by a second energy management device,wherein the energy status comprises an indication that the first deviceis operating in a normal mode of operation.
 9. The method of claim 5,wherein determining that an individual is leaving an area comprises:detecting that the individual is moving in a direction towards an entrydoor.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining that an individualis leaving an area further comprises: determining that the entry doorhas opened within a predetermined time period from detection of theindividual moving towards the entry door.
 11. An apparatus for providingenergy status reporting in communication with an energy managementdevice, comprising: a user interface for displaying a simplified energystatus to an individual; a memory for storing processor-executableinstructions; and a processor electronically coupled to the userinterface and the memory that, when executing the processor-executableinstructions, perform the following actions: receive a status of a firstdevice managed by the energy management device; determine that anindividual is leaving an area; determine a simplified energy statusbased on at least the status of the first device; and in response todetermining that an individual is leaving the area, provide anindication of the simplified energy status to the user interface. 12.The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: a detector fordetermining when an individual is leaving the area.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 12, wherein the detector comprises a motion detector, and theprocessor-executable instructions further comprise instructions for theprocessor to determine that an individual is leaving the area bydetermining that an individual is moving closer to the apparatus. 14.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor-executable instructionsfurther comprise instructions that cause the processor to: receive astatus of a second device managed by a second energy management device;and determine the simplified security status based on at least thestatus of the first device and the status of the second device; whereinthe simplified energy status comprises an indication that each of thedevices is operating in a normal mode of operation.
 15. The apparatus ofclaim 11, wherein the simplified energy status comprises an indicationthat the device is in an energy conservation mode of operation.
 16. Anapparatus for providing energy status reporting in communication with acentral energy management device, comprising: a user interface fordisplaying an energy status to an individual; a memory for storingprocessor-executable instructions; and a processor electronicallycoupled to the user interface and the memory that, when executing theprocessor-executable instructions, perform the following actions:determine that an individual is leaving an area; in response todetermining that the individual is leaving the area, send a statusrequest to the central energy management device; receive a response fromthe central energy management device comprising an energy status basedon at least the status of at least one device being managed by thecentral energy management device; and provide an indication of theenergy status to the user interface.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16,wherein the processor-executable instructions further compriseinstructions that further cause the processor to: receive an indicationfrom the user interface for the central energy management device toenter a first mode of operation; generate a message instructing thecentral energy management device to enter the first mode of operation inresponse to receiving the indication; and send the message to the energymanagement device.
 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the energystatus comprises an indication that the central energy management deviceis in an energy-saving mode of operation.
 19. The apparatus of claim 16,wherein the energy status is based on at least the status of the firstdevice and a second device managed by a second energy management device,wherein the energy status comprises an indication that the first deviceis operating in a normal mode of operation.
 20. The apparatus of claim16, wherein the processor-executable instructions further compriseinstructions that further cause the processor to determine that anindividual is leaving an area by: detecting that the individual ismoving in a direction towards an entry door.
 21. The apparatus of claim20, wherein the processor-executable instructions further compriseinstructions that further causes the processor to determine that anindividual is leaving an area by: determining that the entry door hasopened within a predetermined time period from detection of theindividual moving towards the entry door.